Proteins |
| Many
people believe they will be short of protein if they are giving up meat
and fish products. Proteins are essential building blocks for the organs
and tissues, the structural component of all our cells. Proteins-enzymes
are catalyzing all reactions in the body. All the vital processes of cells
and tissues are entirely associated with the corresponding transformations
of protoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Continuously transforming cellular
proteins in the body is fully or partially connected with their cleavage.
In this case there is a need to restore the damaged proteins. They are
composed of amino acids. Proceeding with the food, proteins are split by
enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract into amino acids, which are used
by the body for protein synthesis of cells and tissues. Thus, organs and
tissues undergo continuous processes of renovation of proteins. In the
liver, kidneys and blood, for example, this work goes so fast that almost
half if all proteins, contained in these organs and tissues, is renovated
every 5-7 days. Proteins are known to be found in meat, dairy and vegetable products. Vegetarians take normal protein from plant foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts and oilseeds, root crops, leafy vegetables and wild plants). It turns out that vegetarian has only 20-30 grams of protein in the daily diet. However, among the vegetable products there is a large group of legumes (peas, beans, lentils, soy), which contain the protein in large quantities – from 24 to 45 g per 100 g, which significantly exceeds the level of protein in the best varieties of meat and fish. By the way, milk or yogurt contains 17 g protein, 100 grams of cheese - 20 g, 100 g cottage cheese 14 g, and one egg - 7 g. Beans occupy an important place in American’s diet. In China, soybeans are used as food since ancient times: people prepare various sauces, cheese, cottage cheese and even bread from soybeans. Nutritional value of proteins is determined by their amino acid composition, but rather the presence or absence of these essential acids. Depending on this the proteins can be divided into full-blooded and not full-blooded. The former include proteins, which supply all the essential amino acids into the body in the right quantities and ratio. These proteins are found only in foods of animal origin (meat, fish, dairy products). A diet that provides such a balance is called a diet of high biological value. |
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